华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 42-53.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.10.004

• 高等教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

竞争型政府：中国高等教育规模扩张的一种解释

刘晖, 马浚锋   

  1. 广州大学教育学院/师范学院，广州 510006
  • 接受日期:2022-05-20 出版日期:2022-10-01 发布日期:2022-09-29
  • 基金资助:
    广东省教育厅创新团队项目（2018WCXTD016）

Competitive Government: An Explanation for the Expansion of China’s Higher Education

Hui Liu, Junfeng Ma   

  1. School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 51006, China
  • Accepted:2022-05-20 Online:2022-10-01 Published:2022-09-29

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摘要：

中国式财政分权体制形成了竞争型地方政府，而各地方政府“因竞争而增长”的博弈过程又加剧了高等教育地方化趋势，推动了中国高等教育规模的高速扩张。本文结合2004—2018年中国30个省（直辖市、自治区）的面板数据，基于财政分权视角，探讨了“竞争型政府”竞争程度对地方高等教育规模水平的影响。结果表明：财政分权没有对地方高等教育规模扩张产生直接影响，而“竞争型政府”竞争程度可以显著提高地方高等教育规模水平，并在财政分权对地方高等教育规模水平的负面影响中产生调节作用；滞后一期的系数估计值有较大的下降，表明地方高等教育规模的扩张很可能是地方政府即时性竞争政策的结果，且在东部沿海地区与内陆地区具有异质性。高质量发展阶段中的高等教育治理要求战略型中央政府调整竞争“尺子”（指挥棒），正确引导地方政府展开竞争，避免将高等教育大众化发展阶段中的竞争观念带进普及化阶段。

关键词: 高等教育, 教育规模, 竞争型政府, 财政分权, 标尺竞争

Abstract:

The Chinese-style fiscal decentralization makes competitive governments the game process of “growth for competition”. The result has intensified the trend of higher education localization and expanded the scale of China’s higher education. Using the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2018, the paper explores the impact of fiscal decentralization and competitive government on the expansion of China’s higher education scale. The research found that fiscal decentralization has an inhibitory effect on the scale of local higher education, but competitive government has a significant improvement, and has a moderating effect on the adverse effects of fiscal decentralization on the scale of local higher education. After lagging the variable of competitive government, the estimated coefficient has dropped significantly, indicating that the expansion of higher education scale is likely to be the result of the immediate competition policy of the local government, and it is heterogeneous between the eastern and inland areas. It is necessary for the central government to correctly guide local governments to compete and transform the concept of competition.

Key words: higher education, education scale, competitive government, fiscal decentralization, yardstick competition