华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 69-84.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2022.07.006

• 职业教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

“安全网”还是“分流器”？职业教育对于社会流动影响的实证研究——基于CFPS的证据

王奕俊1, 胡慧琪1,2   

  1. 1. 同济大学职业技术教育学院，上海 200092
    2. 布鲁塞尔自由大学心理与教育学院，布鲁塞尔 1050
  • 出版日期:2022-07-01 发布日期:2022-07-04
  • 基金资助:
    全国教育科学规划项目“中国智能制造产业复合型技术技能人才产教共育机理研究”(项目批准号:BJA210093)

“Safety Net” or “Diversion”? An Empirical Study of the Impact of Vocational Education on Social Mobility: Evidence Based on CFPS

Yijun Wang1, Huiqi Hu1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Vocational Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
    2. Psychology and Education Faculty, Vrije University Brussel, Brussels 1050, Belgium
  • Online:2022-07-01 Published:2022-07-04

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摘要：

职业教育在社会流动中具有两类互斥的功能：“安全网”与“分流器”。研究基于中国家庭追踪调查数据库，综合代际和代内两个视角，选取经济收入、社会经济地位指数、职业流动率等指标，分析接受职业教育对社会地位及社会流动的影响。结果显示，职业教育群体能够获得高于社会平均水平的经济收入和社会经济地位，并且显著优于其父代。与初中教育群体相比，职业教育群体具有社会地位的比较优势，表明职业教育能为个体提供坚实的“安全网”保障，促进一定程度的向上社会流动。但与高等教育比较，无论是经济收入还是社会经济地位，职业教育都处于相对劣势，“分流器”效应显著。此外，职业教育对于西部地区和农村家庭的社会流动具有更显著的促进作用。总体而言，职业教育是一种促进社会流动的有效机制，未来需进一步发挥其“安全网“功能，抑制“分流器”效应。

关键词: 职业教育, 社会流动, 社会经济地位, 安全网, 分流器

Abstract:

Vocational education has two mutually exclusive functions in social mobility: “safety net” and “diversion”. Based on the China Family Panel Studies, the impacts of vocational education on social status and social mobility are analyzed by using some indicators such as economic income, socioeconomic index, and mobility of status on both intergenerational and intragenerational perspectives. The results show that vocational education group can achieve better economic income and socioeconomic status than average level, and significantly superior to their parents. Compared with the junior high school group, vocational education group has remarkable advantage in terms of social status, which indicates that vocational education can provide individuals with a solid “safety net” and promote upward social mobility. However, compared with higher education group, vocational education is inferior in terms of economic income and socioeconomic index, and the “diversion” effect is significant. In addition, vocational education plays a more significant role in promoting the social mobility of the western rural region in China. In general, as an effective mechanism to promote social mobility, vocational education should be paid high attention to further develop its “safety net” function whiling limiting “diversion” effect.

Key words: vocational education, social mobility, socioeconomic index, safety net, diversion