华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (11): 62-73.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.11.006

• 科学教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

“迎击风暴”:中国崛起对美国STEM教育战略的影响与美国的应对策略

邓莉, 林心悦, 缪秋英   

  1. 华东师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,上海 200062
  • 接受日期:2025-08-28 出版日期:2025-11-01 发布日期:2025-11-03
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金教育学青年课题“中美竞争背景下美国教育战略及中国应对研究”(CDA220273)。

“Rising Above the Gathering Storm”: How China’s Rise Shaped the U.S. STEM Education Strategies and Responses

Li Deng, Xinyue Lin, Qiuying Miao   

  1. Institute of International and Comparative Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Accepted:2025-08-28 Online:2025-11-01 Published:2025-11-03

摘要:

中国在经济、科技、军事、教育及全球影响力等领域的快速崛起,显著影响了美国STEM教育战略的制定与调整,激发其危机意识与战略警觉。基于2001-2024年间美国发布的31份国家级STEM教育政策文件分析,可归纳出五个与中国相关的主要影响因素:经济与科技增长、军事现代化、STEM人才数量优势、国际测试排名领先以及全球影响力提升。美国将中国视为系统性挑战,因而通过加大教育投资、优化本土人才培养机制、吸引国际人才和构建STEM教育生态体系等多重路径应对,以维护国家竞争力和全球领导地位。美国STEM教育战略的调整不仅源于内部改革逻辑,更深受国际地缘政治竞争驱动,需警惕其针对中国的危机叙事背后的政治动员意图。相关发现有助于深入理解大国战略竞争背景下教育政策的调整机制,并为中国推进教育强国建设、增强战略定力与国际表达能力提供理论支持和政策启示。

关键词: 中国崛起, 中美战略竞争, 美国STEM教育战略, 危机叙述, 教育强国

Abstract:

In recent years, China’s rapid rise in the fields of economy, technology, military, education, and global influence has significantly impacted the United States’ STEM education strategy, triggering a heightened sense of crisis and strategic alertness. Based on an analysis of 31 national-level STEM education policy documents issued by the United States between 2001 and 2024, this study identifies five main factors related to China: economic and technological growth, military modernization, a quantitative advantage in STEM talent, leading performance in international assessments, and enhanced global influence. The United States regards China’s rapid development as a systemic challenge and has responded through multiple pathways, including increasing educational investment, optimising domestic talent development mechanisms, attracting international talent, and building a comprehensive STEM education ecosystem, in order to maintain national competitiveness and global leadership. The adjustment of the U.S. STEM education strategy is driven not only by the internal logic of educational reform but also profoundly shaped by international geopolitical competition. Attention should be paid to the political mobilisation purposes underlying the U.S. crisis narratives targeting China. These findings deepen the understanding of education policy adjustment mechanisms in the context of major-power strategic competition and provide theoretical support and policy insights for China in advancing its education powerhouse strategy, strengthening strategic composure, and enhancing international discourse capacity.

Key words: rise of China, China–U.S. strategic competition, STEM education strategy, crisis narrative, education powerhouse