华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 16-29.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2025.08.002

• • 上一篇    下一篇

全球科学中的权力配置

西蒙·马金森(Simon Marginson)   

  1. 牛津大学教育系,英国牛津OX2 6PY
  • 接受日期:2025-04-18 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-31

Configurations of Power in Global Science

Simon Marginson   

  1. Department of Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6PY, UK
  • Accepted:2025-04-18 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-07-31

摘要:

过去三十年间,一个依靠自下而上学术合作、通过学术期刊出版与文献计量学体系加以规范的全球科学网络体系逐步形成,并在自然科学领域确立了认知上的领导地位。全球科学体系具有开放性,正在全面发展并不断强化多极化格局。全球科学与国家利益之间既存在协同作用,也伴随紧张关系。自2010年代以来,地缘政治冲突和国家利益的强化对国际科研合作造成了冲击,同时全球科学的发展潜能也受到既有全球科学制度框架的限制:该体系主要由英语国家的高校及其科学家所主导,并几乎完全局限于英文学术成果。这导致后殖民时代全球科研能力分布的广泛性,与新殖民主义制度下的学术与文化权力的等级结构之间存在着根本性的失调。这些因素共同引发了对全球知识未来的深刻思考。建立一个多语种翻译机制,实现知识内容的多元化,将有助于巩固全球科学体系。

关键词: 科学, 研究, 知识, 文献计量学, 全球化, 地缘政治

Abstract:

The last three decades saw the evolution of a networked global science system, sustained by bottom-up collaboration and codified by journal publishing and bibliometric inclusion, which has become the epistemic leader in the natural sciences. The system is open and has facilitated all-round science development and global multi-polarity. There is ongoing synergy and also tension between global science and national purposes; since the late 2010s collaboration has been destabilised by geopolitical tensions and the assertion of national interests. The potentials of global science are also limited in another way: it is dominated by scientists and universities in the Anglosphere and almost entirely published in English. There is a fundamental lack of fit between the post-colonial worldwide distribution of capacity and the neo-colonial structure of institutional and cultural power. Taken together these factors place the future of global knowledge in question. A radical diversification of knowledge contents via a regime of multiple translations can more effectively embed the global system.

Key words: science, research, knowledge, bibliometrics, globalization, geo-politics