华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 40-55.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2026.04.004

• 职业教育 • 上一篇    下一篇

职业教育产教融合的经济学分析

张浩1, 胡姝2, 梁铭轩2   

  1. 1. 中国教育科学研究院，北京 100088
    2. 北京理工大学教育学院，北京 100081
  • 接受日期:2025-12-22 出版日期:2026-04-01 发布日期:2026-03-31
  • 基金资助:
    中国教育科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目“职业教育促进中等收入群体扩大研究”（GBY202214）。

Economic Analysis of the Integration of Industry and Education in Vocational Education

Hao Zhang1, Shu Hu2, Mingxuan Liang2   

  1. 1. National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing 100088, China
    2. School of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Accepted:2025-12-22 Online:2026-04-01 Published:2026-03-31

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摘要：

从经济史上看，行业企业深度参与的产教融合优化了职业教育生产，提高技能人才质量，促进产业发展。当前，国际竞争更趋激烈，产业与科技变革加快，职业教育产教融合的方式与程度都难以匹配国家产业战略要求。从理论上看，职业教育深度产教融合可以促进人才供需均衡、提升企业效用、增加社会福利。但在实践中，参与产教融合的政府、学校、行业、企业各方，均有各自利益诉求，难以形成合力。其深层原因在于，责任承担机制不清晰，职业教育作为公共产品的正外部性导致资源配置不合理，市场失灵难以有效调控。解决这些问题，政策应围绕厘清利益相关方诉求，以科学的核算方法划分使用人才应当付出的教育成本，形成新契约与社会新预期，通过成本分担调控市场失灵，防止局部人才供给短缺与过剩陷入循环。

关键词: 职业教育, 产教融合, 经济学, 人才供需

Abstract:

From the perspective of economic history, the deep integration of industry and education, driven by active participation from enterprises, has optimized vocational education outcomes, improved the quality of skilled talent, and promoted industrial development. In the current context of intensified international competition and accelerated industrial and technological transformation, the methods and degree of integration between industry and education struggle to meet the strategic demands of national industrial policies.Theoretically, the deep integration of industry and education in vocational education can balance talent supply and demand, enhance enterprise utility, and increase social welfare. However, in practice, the various stakeholders involved—government, educational institutions, industries, and enterprises—often have conflicting interests, making it difficult to achieve synergy. The underlying issue lies in the lack of a clear accountability mechanism. The positive externalities of vocational education as a public good result in inefficient resource allocation, while market failures hinder effective regulation.To address these challenges, policies should focus on clarifying stakeholder interests and employing scientific accounting methods to allocate the educational costs that talent users should bear. Establishing new contracts and fostering new social expectations can facilitate cost-sharing mechanisms to correct market failures, thereby preventing the cyclical issues of localized talent shortages and surpluses.

Key words: vocational education, integration of industry and education, economics, talent supply and demand