华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2018, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 126-136+166.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2018.01.016

• 中外教育史 • 上一篇    下一篇

20世纪上半叶英国成人教育的演变:从工人阶级教育到大众成人教育

李丽   

  1. 浙江大学教育学院, 杭州 310028
  • 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-01-12

Evolution of Adult Education in Britain in the first Half 20th Century: From Working Class Education to Mass Adult Education

LI Li   

  1. School of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China
  • Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-01-12

摘要: 从20世纪初到1956年,英国成人教育领域的发展和演变呈现出各种思想观念、组织机构和不同力量之间的斗争,而这种斗争主要集中在劳动学院、工人教育协会和大学三者之间。劳动学院主导了早期的独立工人阶级教育,但它在二战后蜕变为工会领导层的培训手段;工人教育协会主导的自由成人教育受到了大学成人教育的挑战,逐渐由工人阶级教育转变为大众成人教育,并融入其潮流;大学主导的普通高等成人教育不断与工人教育协会竞争并完成体系化进程,最终开始兴盛。这三股力量之间的斗争勾勒出了20世纪上半叶英国成人教育发展的重要线索,并对后来在英国兴起的"文化研究"产生了重要影响。可以说,20世纪上半叶英国成人教育发展的历史,就是一部工人阶级教育逐渐衰落,大众成人教育逐渐兴起的历史。

关键词: 工人阶级教育, 大众成人教育, 劳工运动, 劳动学院, 工人教育协会, 大学

Abstract: After the Industry Revolution, emphasis was placed on educating the working class in British adult education, which met their needs for education to a certain extent. From the beginning of 20th century to 1956, British adult education was shaped by the competition among three main actors:Labour Colleges,the Workers' Education Association, University Adult Education. The independent working class education offered by Labour Colleges turned into the training means of Trade Unions' executives while the liberal adult education led by the Workers' Education Association and challenged by university adult education, graduated into mass adult education from working class education. Meanwhile, general higher adult education dominated by the universities, achieved its own institutionalization by competing against the Workers' Education Association and ended up with thriving. The changes in the three forces were closely related to the changes in the British labor movement at the same time. The change of the natureof labor movement directly affected the development of adult education in the first half of the 20th century and it contributed to the evolution of adult education from working class education to mass adult education.

Key words: working class education, mass adult education, Labour Movements, Labour Colleges, the Workers'Education Association, university adult education