华东师范大学学报(教育科学版)

华东师范大学学报(教育科学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 32-41.doi: 10.16382/j.cnki.1000-5560.2020.03.004

• 教育法治：教育惩戒权 • 上一篇    下一篇

论高校教育惩戒的法律性质

徐键   

  1. 上海财经大学法学院, 上海 200433
  • 发布日期:2020-03-11
  • 基金资助:
    上海市教育法学人才培养计划“高等教育治理中的政府定位研究”（2016JYFXR014）

Legal Nature of Educational Discipline in Universities

Xu Jian   

  1. Law School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Published:2020-03-11

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摘要： 惩戒是对具有特别身份关系的人所作的非难性裁罚。惩戒主要有社会罚、行政罚、纪律处置措施等不同种类。在大陆法系典型国家，公立高校被定位为公营造物或公法人，其对学生的惩戒因而被定性为特别权力关系下的纪律处置措施。在我国，教育法立法将高校定位为社会主体。司法实践中据此将“处分”这一高校教育惩戒之典型形态定性为法规范授权高校行使的行政罚。但行政罚的定性，无法解释开除学籍以外之“处分”的行政不可诉性，同时也无法明确“处分”以外之其他教育惩戒的性质。立足于管办评分离的改革目标，高校在法人化基础上应作类社团化的主体塑造。高校教育惩戒宜定性为社会罚，并以高校自主性规范为主导实现法治化。国家则通过严重惩戒的介入性立法、不当惩戒的立法禁止等方式对高校的教育惩戒进行规制。

关键词: 高校, 教育惩戒, 法律性质, 类社团罚

Abstract: The discipline is a blamable punishment for a person within a special status relationship. It can be divided into social punishment, administrative punishment, and disciplinary measures. In civil law countries, public universities are positioned as public installations or public corporations. Therefore, educational discipline is characterized as a disciplinary measure. In China, education law legislation positions universities as social subjects. So, in judicial practice, educational discipline is characterized as an administrative penalty authorized by law for universities. However, it cannot be explained why education punishment other than expulsion from school is not within the scope of administrative litigation. Educational discipline in universities should be classified as a (similar to) corporate punishment. The state can regulate the education discipline of colleges and universities through interventional legislation of severe discipline and prohibition of improper discipline.

Key words: colleges and universities, educational discipline, legal nature, similar to corporal punishment